LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT EQUIVALENCY TABLE.

TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS FOR EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE.

	Education Credits			Experience Credits
DESCRIPTIONS	First 2 Years	Succeeding Years	Max. Credit Allowed	Credit Allowed	Max. Credit Allowed
A‑1. Degree from an LAAB-accredited landscape architectural curriculum.	100%	100%	5 years
A-2. Credits toward a degree in landscape architecture from an accredited school of landscape architecture.	100%	100%	4 years
A-3. Degree in landscape architecture or credits toward that degree from a nonaccredited school of landscape architecture.	100%	100%	4 years
A-4. Degree or credits toward that degree in an allied professional discipline, i.e., architecture, civil engineering, environmental science, approved by the board.	75%	100%	3 years
A-5. Any other bachelor degree or credits toward that degree.	50%	75%	2 years
A-6. Qualifying experience in landscape architecture under the direct supervision of a landscape architect.				100%	no limit
A-7. Qualifying experience directly related to landscape architecture when under the direct supervision of an architect, professional engineer, or land surveyor.				50%	4 years
EXPLANATION OF REQUIREMENTS
B-1. Education Credits. Education credits shall be subject to the following conditions: B-1.1. Applicants with a degree specified in A-1 through A-5 will be allowed the credit shown in the Maximum Credit Allowed column, regardless of the length of the degree program. B-1.2. With a passing grade, 32 semester credit hours or 48 quarter hours is considered to be one year. Fractions greater than one-half year will be counted one-half year and smaller fractions will not be counted.
B-2. Experience Credits. Experience credits shall be subject to the following conditions: B-2.1. Every applicant without an LAAB-accredited degree must earn at least two years of experience credit under category A-6. Every applicant with an LAAB-accredited degree must earn at least one year of experience credit under category A-6.

18VAC10-20-440. Examination.

A. All applicants for original certification licensure in Virginia are required to pass the CLARB-prepared examination.

B. The Virginia board is a member of the Council of Landscape Architectural Registration Boards (CLARB) and as such is authorized to administer the CLARB examinations.

C. The CLARB-prepared examination will be offered at least once per year at a time designated by the board.

D. Grading of the examination shall be in accordance with the national grading procedures established by CLARB. The board shall adopt the scoring procedures recommended by CLARB.

E. Unless otherwise stated, applicants approved to sit for an examination shall register and submit the required examination fee to be received in the board office, or by the board's designee, at a time designated by the board. Applicants not properly registered will not be allowed into the examination site.

F. Examinees will be advised only of their passing or failing score and the CLARB minimum passing or failing score.

Only the board and its staff shall have access to examination papers, scores, and answer sheets.

G. Upon written request to the board within 30 days of receiving examination results, examinees will be permitted to view the performance problems contained within the section that they failed. Examination appeals are permitted in accordance with the CLARB score verification process.

H. Should an applicant fail to pass an examination within three years after being approved to sit for an examination, the applicant must reapply and meet all current entry requirements at the time of reapplication. If the applicant has not been taking the examination on a continuous basis during the three-year eligibility period, or fails to reapply within six months after the end of the three-year eligibility period, or both, then the applicant shall meet the entry requirements current at the time of reapplication.

Part VIII
Qualifications for Registration as a Professional Corporation

18VAC10-20-530. Application requirements.

A. All applicants shall have been incorporated in the Commonwealth of Virginia or, if a foreign professional corporation, shall have obtained a certificate of authority to conduct business in Virginia from the State Corporation Commission in accordance with § 13.1-544.2 of the Code of Virginia. The corporation shall be in good standing with the State Corporation Commission at the time of application to the board office and at all times when the registration is in effect.

B. Each application shall include certified true copies of the certificate of incorporation issued by the state of incorporation (in Virginia, such certificate issued by the State Corporation Commission), articles of incorporation, bylaws and charter, and, if a foreign professional corporation, the certificate of authority issued by the State Corporation Commission.

C. Articles of incorporation and bylaws. The following statements are required:

1. The articles of incorporation or bylaws shall specifically state that cumulative voting is prohibited.

2. Pursuant to § 13.1-549 of the Code of Virginia, the bylaws of a corporation rendering the services of architects, professional engineers, or land surveyors, or landscape architects or using the title of certified landscape architects or certified interior designers, or any combination thereof, shall provide that not less than two-thirds of its capital stock shall be issued to individuals duly licensed to render the services of architect, professional engineer, or land surveyor, or landscape architect or to individuals legally authorized to use the title of certified landscape architect or certified interior designer. Similarly, for those corporations using the title of certified interior designers and providing the services of architects, professional engineers or land surveyors, or any combination thereof, the bylaws shall provide that not less than two-thirds of the capital stock of the corporation shall be held by individuals who are duly licensed. The bylaws shall further provide that the remainder of said stock may be issued only to and held by individuals who are employees of the corporation whether or not such employees are licensed to render professional services or authorized to use a title. Notwithstanding the above limitations, the bylaws may provide that the corporation may issue its stock to a partnership each of the partners of which is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services as those for which the corporation was incorporated.

3. The bylaws shall state that nonlicensed or noncertified individuals will not have a voice or standing in any matter affecting the practice of the corporation requiring professional expertise or in any matter constituting professional practice, or both.

D. Board of directors. A corporation may elect to its board of directors not more than one-third of its members who are employees of the corporation and are not authorized to render professional services.

At least two-thirds of the board of directors shall be licensed to render the services of an architect, professional engineer or, land surveyor, or landscape architect or be duly certified to use the title of certified landscape architect or certified interior designer, or any combination thereof.

At least one director currently licensed or certified in each profession offered or practiced shall be resident at the business to provide effective supervision and control of the final professional product.

E. Joint ownership of stock. Any type of joint ownership of the stock of the corporation is prohibited. Ownership of stock by nonlicensed or noncertified employees shall not entitle those employees to vote in any matter affecting the practice of the professions herein regulated.

F. The name of the business and any assumed, fictitious, trading as, or doing business as names of the firm shall be disclosed on the application.

G. Branch offices. If professional services are offered or rendered in a branch office, a separate branch office designation form shall be completed for each branch office. Responsible persons shall be designated in accordance with this chapter. At least one currently licensed or certified responsible person in each profession offered or practiced at each branch office shall be resident at each branch office to provide effective supervision and control of the final professional product.

18VAC10-20-550. Foreign corporations.

The bylaws shall state that the corporation's activities in Virginia shall be limited to rendering the services of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, certified landscape architects and certified interior designers, or any combination thereof. A foreign corporation must meet every requirement of this chapter except the requirement that two-thirds of its stockholders be licensed or certified to perform the professional service in Virginia.

The corporation shall provide the name, address, and Virginia license or certificate number of each stockholder or employee of the corporation who will be providing the professional service(s) in Virginia.

Part IX
Qualifications for Registration as a Professional Limited Liability Company

18VAC10-20-570. Definitions.

Section 13.1-1102 of the Code of Virginia provides the definition of the following term:

Professional Limited Liability Company ("P.L.C.," "PLC," "P.L.L.C.," or "PLLC")

The following words, terms, and phrases when used in this part shall have the meanings ascribed to them except where the context clearly indicates or requires different meanings:

"Manager" is a person or persons designated by the members of a limited liability company to manage the professional limited liability company as provided in the articles of organization or an operating agreement, and who is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render one or more of the professional services of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, certified landscape architects, or certified interior designers in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

"Member" means an individual or professional business entity that owns an interest in a professional limited liability company.

18VAC10-20-590. Application requirements.

A. All applicants shall have obtained a certificate of organization in the Commonwealth of Virginia or, if a foreign professional limited liability company, shall have obtained a certificate of registration to conduct business in Virginia from the State Corporation Commission, in accordance with § 13.1-1105 of the Code of Virginia. The company shall be in good standing with the State Corporation Commission at the time of application to the board office and at all times when the registration is in effect.

B. Each application shall include a certified true copy of the certificate of organization or, if a foreign professional limited liability company, a certificate of registration issued by the State Corporation Commission. Each application must also include certified true copies of the articles of organization, operating agreement, or both.

C. Each application shall include a written affirmative affidavit that attests to the following inclusions to the articles of organization or operating agreement.

1. The articles of organization or operating agreement shall state the specific purpose of the professional limited liability company.

2. Pursuant to § 13.1-1111 of the Code of Virginia, the articles of organization or operating agreement shall provide that not less than two-thirds of the membership interests of a PLLC rendering the services of architects, professional engineers, or land surveyors, or landscape architects or using the title of certified landscape architects or certified interior designers, or any combination thereof, shall be held by individuals duly licensed or professional business entities legally authorized to render the services of architects, professional engineers, or land surveyors, or landscape architects or by individuals or professional business entities legally authorized to use the title of certified landscape architects or certified interior designers. Similarly, for those PLLCs using the title of certified interior designers and providing the services of architects, professional engineers, or land surveyors, or any combination thereof, the articles of organization or operating agreement shall provide that not less than two-thirds of the membership interests of the company shall be held by individuals who are duly licensed. The articles of organization or operating agreement shall further provide that the remainder of the membership interests of the PLLC may be held only by individuals who are employees of the PLLC whether or not those employees are licensed to render professional services or authorized to use a title.

3. The articles of organization or operating agreement shall attest that all members, managers, employees and agents who render professional services of architects, professional engineers, or land surveyors, or landscape architects or use the title of certified landscape architects, or certified interior designers are duly licensed or certified to provide those services.

The person executing the affidavit shall sign it and state beneath his signature his name and the capacity in which he signs. If the person signing the affidavit is not a manager of the PLLC, the affidavit shall also state that the individual has been authorized by the members of the PLLC to execute the affidavit for the benefit of the company.

D. Pursuant to § 13.1-1118 of the Code of Virginia, unless the articles of organization or operating agreement provides for management of the PLLC by a manager or managers, management of the PLLC shall be vested in its members.

If the articles of organization or an operating agreement provides for management of the PLLC by a manager or managers, the manager or managers must be an individual or individuals duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services within the Commonwealth for which the company was formed.

Only members or managers duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services within this Commonwealth shall supervise and direct the provision of professional services within this Commonwealth. At least one member or manager currently licensed or certified in each profession offered or practiced shall be resident at the business to provide effective supervision and control of the final professional product.

E. The name of the business and any assumed, fictitious, trading as, or doing business as names of the firm shall be disclosed on the application.

F. If professional services are offered or rendered in a branch office, a separate branch office designation form shall be completed for each branch office. Responsible persons shall be designated in accordance with this chapter. At least one currently licensed or certified responsible person in each profession offered or practiced at each branch office shall be resident at each branch office to provide effective supervision and control of the final professional product.

18VAC10-20-610. Foreign professional limited liability companies.

The articles of organization or operating agreement shall state that the PLLC's activities in Virginia shall be limited to rendering the professional services of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, certified landscape architects, and certified interior designers, or any combination thereof. The foreign company must meet every requirement of this chapter except for the requirement that two-thirds of its members and managers be licensed or certified to perform the professional service in this Commonwealth.

The PLLC shall provide the name, address, and Virginia license or certificate number of each manager or member who will be providing the professional service(s) in Virginia.

18VAC10-20-650. Registration certification.

The application shall contain an affidavit by an authorized official in the corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship, limited liability company, or other entity unit that the practice of architecture, engineering, land surveying, certified landscape architecture, or certified interior design to be done by that entity shall be under the direct control and personal supervision of the licensed or certified full-time employees or licensed or certified resident principals identified in the application as responsible persons for the practice. In addition, the licensed or certified employees or principals responsible for the practice shall sign their names indicating that they are responsible persons who are resident, and that they understand and shall comply with all statutes and regulations of the board.

18VAC10-20-730. Competency for assignments.

A. The professional shall undertake to perform professional assignments only when qualified by education or experience, or both, and licensed or certified in the profession involved. Licensed professionals may perform assignments related to landscape architecture or interior design provided they do not hold themselves out as certified in either of these professions this profession unless they are so certified by this board. The professional may accept an assignment requiring education or experience outside of the field of the professional's competence, but only to the extent that services are restricted to those phases of the project in which the professional is qualified. All other phases of such project shall be the responsibility of licensed or certified associates, consultants or employees.

B. A professional shall not misrepresent to a prospective or existing client or employer his qualifications and the scope of his responsibility in connection with work for which he is claiming credit.

C. The professional shall adhere to the minimum standards and requirements pertaining to the practice of his own profession, as well as other professions if incidental work is performed.

18VAC10-20-760. Use of seal.

A. The application of a professional seal shall indicate that the professional has exercised direct control and personal supervision over the work to which it is affixed. Therefore, no professional shall affix a name, seal or certification to a plat, design, specification or other work constituting the practice of the professions regulated which has been prepared by an unlicensed or uncertified person unless such work was performed under the direct control and personal supervision of the professional while said unlicensed or uncertified person was an employee of the same firm as the professional or was under written contract to the same firm that employs the professional. If the original professional of record is no longer employed by the regulant or is otherwise unable to seal completed professional work, such work may be sealed by another professional, but only after a thorough review of the work by the professional affixing the professional seal to verify that the work has been accomplished to the same extent that would have been exercised if the work had been done under the direct control and personal supervision of the professional affixing the professional seal.

B. An appropriately licensed or certified professional shall apply a seal to final and complete original cover sheets of plans, drawings, plats, technical reports and specifications and to each original sheet of plans, drawings or plats, prepared by the professional or someone under his direct control and personal supervision.

1. All seal imprints on the cover or first sheet of final documents shall bear an original signature and date. "Final Documents" are completed documents or copies submitted on a client's behalf for approval by authorities or recordation. In such cases, the cover sheet of the documents or copies shall contain a list of drawings or plats included in the set on which a seal, original signature and date shall be affixed for all regulated disciplines. Every page of the submission, other than the cover, may be reproduced from originals which contain the seal, original signature and date by each discipline responsible for the work.

a. An electronic seal, signature and date are permitted to be used in lieu of an original seal, signature and date when the following criteria, and all other requirements of this section, are met:

(1) It is a unique identification of the professional;

(2) It is verifiable; and

(3) It is under the professional's direct control.

b. A professional should not seal original documents made of mylar, linen, sepia, or other materials, or that are transmitted electronically, which can be changed by the person or entity with whom the documents are filed, unless the professional accompanies such documents with a signed and sealed letter making the recipient of such documents aware that copies of the original documents as designed by the professional have been retained by the professional and that the professional cannot assume responsibility for any subsequent changes to the reproducible original documents that are not made by the professional or those working under his direct control and personal supervision.

2. Incomplete plans, documents and sketches, whether advance or preliminary copies, shall be so identified on the plan, document or sketch and need not be sealed, signed or dated.

3. All plans, drawings or plats prepared by the professional shall bear the professional's name or firm name, address and project name.

4. The seal of each professional responsible for each profession shall be used and shall be on each document that was prepared under the professional's direction and for which that professional is responsible. If one of the exemptions found in § 54.1-402 of the Code of Virginia is applicable, a professional licensed or certified by this board shall nevertheless apply his seal to the exempt work.

5. Application of the seal and signature indicates acceptance of responsibility for work shown thereon.

6. The seal shall conform in detail and size to the design illustrated below and shall be two inches in diameter. The designs below may not be shown to scale:

		EDITOR'S NOTE: The seal for Certified Landscape Architect is stricken.
*The number referred to is the last six-digit number as shown on the license or certificate. The number is permanent. Leading zeros contained in the six-digit number may be omitted from the seal.

18VAC10-20-780. Professional required at each place of business.

Any legal entity or professional maintaining a place of business from which the entity or professional offers or provides architectural, engineering, land surveying, certified landscape architectural, or certified interior design services in Virginia shall name for each profession offered or practiced at each place of business a resident, responsible person. The named resident, responsible person must hold a current valid Virginia license or certificate in the profession being offered or practiced.

Each named professional shall exercise direct control and personal supervision of the work being offered or practiced at the place of business for which he is named. Each named professional shall be responsible for only one location at a time. A named professional may be responsible for more than one location provided that he is resident at the place of business during a majority of the hours of operation at each location.

FORMS (18VAC10-20)

Architect License Application (Architect Information Sheet), 0401LIC (rev. 10/10/08) 6/30/09).

Verification of Architect Examination and Licensure Form, 0401EXVER v.1.0 (rev. 9/5/08).

Architect Experience Verification Form, 0401EXP v1.0 (rev. 9/5/08) 12/4/08).

Architect Client Experience Verification Form, 0401CEXP v1.0 (rev. 9/5/08) 12/4/08).

Architect Degree Verification Form, 0401DEG v1.0 (rev. 9/5/08) 12/4/08).

Architect Reference Form, 0401REF v1.0 (rev. 9/5/08) 12/4/08).

Architect License Reinstatement Application, 0401REI (rev. 4/09) 4/1/09).

Architect License Renewal Form, 0401REN (rev. 4/09) 4/1/09).

Professional Engineer License Application, (Professional Engineer Information Sheet), 0402LIC (rev. 9/22/08) 12/2/08).

Professional Engineer Reference Form, 0402REF v.1.0 (rev. 9/5/08) 12/2/08).

Professional Engineer License Reinstatement Application, 0402REI (rev. 4/09) 4/1/09).

Professional Engineer and Engineer-in-Training Degree Verification Form, 0402_20DEG v1.0 (rev. 9/5/08) 12/2/08).

Professional Engineer and Engineer-in-Training Experience Verification Form, 0402_20EXP v1.0 (rev. 9/5/08) 4/23/09).

Engineer Verification of Examination and Licensure Form, 0402_20EXVER v1.0 0402-20ELV (rev. 9/5/08) 12/2/08).

Engineer-in-Training Designation Application, (Engineer-in-Training Information Sheet) 0420DES v1.0 (rev. 9/5/08) 12/2/08).

Engineer-in-Training Reference Form, 0402REF v1.0 0420REF (rev. 9/5/08) 12/2/08).

Course Requirements for Engineering Technology Program, 0402_20CREQ v1.0 (eff. 9/5/08) 12/2/08).

Professional Engineer License Renewal Form, 0402REN (rev. 4/09) 4/1/09).

Land Surveyor License Application, (Land Surveyor Information Sheet), 0403LIC (rev. 9/17/08) 5/21/09).

Land Surveyor License Reinstatement Application, 0403REI (rev. 4/09) 4/1/09).

Land Surveyor B License Application, (Land Surveyor B Information Sheet), 0404LIC (rev. 9/17/08) 12/5/08).

Land Surveyor B License Reinstatement Application, 0404REI (rev. 4/09) 4/1/09).

Land Surveyor License Renewal Form, 0403_04REN (rev. 4/09) 4/1/09).

Land Surveyor and Surveyor-in-Training Degree Verification Form, 0403_30DEG (rev. 9/17/08) 12/5/08).

Land Surveyor Verification of Examination and Licensure Form, 0403_30ELV (rev. 07 9/17/08) 12/5/08).

Land Surveyor & Surveyor-in-Training Experience Verification Form, 0403_30EXP (rev. 9/17/08) 12/5/08).

Surveyor Photogrammetrist License Application (Surveyor Photogrammetrist Information Sheet), 0408LIC (rev. 4/09) 3/16/09).

Surveyor Photogrammetrist License Renewal Form, 0408REN (rev. 4/09) 4/1/09).

"Grandfather" Surveyor Photogrammetrist Reference Form, 0408REF (eff. 9/19/08) 0408GREF (rev. 12/8/08).

Surveyor Photogrammetrist Experience Verification Form, 0408EXP (eff. 9/19/08) (rev. 12/8/08).

"Grandfather" Surveyor Photogrammetrist Experience Verification Form, 0408GXP 0408GEXP (eff. 9/19/08) (rev. 12/8/08).

Surveyor Photogrammetrist License Reinstatement Application, 0408REI (rev. 4/09) 4/1/09).

Surveyor Photogrammetrist Degree Verification Form, 0408DEG (eff. 9/19/08) (rev. 12/8/08).

Surveyor Photogrammetrist Verification of Examination and Licensure Form, 0408ELVF 0408ELV (eff. 9/19/08) 12/8/08).

Surveyor-In-Training Designation Application, (Surveyor-in-Training Information Sheet), 0430DES (rev. 9/17/08) 12/5/08).

Landscape Architect Certificate License Application, (Landscape Architect Information Sheet), 0406CERT 0406LIC (rev. 10/6/08) 7/1/10).

Verification of Landscape Architect Examination and Licensure Form, 0406ELV (rev. 9/17/08) 6/23/09).

Landscape Architect Experience Verification Form for Examination and Comity Applicants, 0406EXP (rev. 9/17/08) 12/8/08).

Landscape Architect Degree Verification Form, 0406DEG (rev. 9/17/08) 12/8/08).

Landscape Architect Certificate License Reinstatement Application, 0406REI (rev. 9/17/08) 7/1/10).

Landscape Architect Certificate License Renewal Form, 0406REN (eff. 9/17/08) (rev. 7/1/10).

Interior Designer Certificate Application, (Interior Designer Information Sheet) 0412CERT (rev. 9/17/08).

Verification of Interior Designer Examination and Certification Form, 0412ELV (rev. 9/17/08).

Interior Designer Degree Verification Form, 0412DEG v1.0 (rev. 9/11/08) 9/17/08).

Interior Designer Experience Verification Form, 0412EXP v1.0 (rev. 9/11/08) 9/17/08).

Interior Designer Certificate Reinstatement Application, 0412REI v1.0 (rev. 9/11/08) 9/17/08).

Interior Designer Certificate Renewal Form, 0412REN v1.0 (eff. 9/11/08) (rev. 4/1/09).

Professional Corporation Registration Application (Professional Corporation Information Sheet), 04PCREG (rev. 9/25/08).

Professional Corporation Branch Office Registration Application, 04BRPCREG (eff. 9/25/08).

Business Entity Registration Application (Business Entity Information Sheet) 04BUSREG, (rev. 9/25/08).

Business Entity Branch Office Registration Application, 04BRBUSREG (rev. 9/25/08).

Professional Limited Liability Company Registration Application (Professional Limited Liability Company Information Sheet) 04PLCREG (rev. 9/25/08).

Professional Limited Liability Company Branch Office Registration Application, 04BRPLCREG (rev. 9/25/08).