Title of Regulation: 9VAC5-40. Existing Stationary Sources (Rev. D09) (adding 9VAC5-40-8510 through 9VAC5-40-8800).

Statutory Authority: § 10.1-1308 of the Code of Virginia; §§ 110, 111, 123, 129, 171, 172, and 182 of the federal Clean Air Act (40 CFR Parts 51 and 60).

Effective Date: February 1, 2016.

Agency Contact: Karen G. Sabasteanski, Department of Environmental Quality, 629 East Main Street, P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218, telephone (804) 698-4426, FAX (804) 698-4510, or email karen.sabasteanski@deq.virginia.gov.

Summary:

The regulation requires owners to limit emissions of air pollution from industrial solvent cleaning operations and miscellaneous industrial adhesive application processes to the level necessary for the protection of public health and welfare and the attainment and maintenance of the air quality standards. The regulation applies to sources within the Northern Virginia Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Control Area and establishes standards, control techniques, and provisions for determining compliance. The regulation includes provisions for visible emissions, fugitive dust, odor, toxic pollutants, compliance, test methods and procedures, monitoring, notification, registration, malfunctions, and permits. The final amendments add an alternative work practices procedure and an alternative standard for coatings, inks, adhesives, and resin manufacturing operations.

Summary of Public Comments and Agency's Response: A summary of comments made by the public and the agency's response may be obtained from the promulgating agency or viewed at the office of the Registrar of Regulations.

Article 57
Emission Standards for Industrial Solvent Cleaning Operations in the Northern Virginia Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Control Area, 8-hour Ozone Standard (Rule 4-57)

9VAC5-40-8510. Applicability and designation of affected facility.

A. Except as provided in subsections C and D of this section, the affected facility to which the provisions of this article apply is each facility that uses organic solvent for cleaning unit operations such as mixing vessels (tanks), spray booths, and parts cleaners and that emits, before consideration of controls, at least 6.8 kilograms per day (15 pounds per day) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Such operations include, but are not limited to, spray gun cleaning, spray booth cleaning, large manufactured components cleaning, parts cleaning, equipment cleaning, line cleaning, floor cleaning, tank cleaning, and small manufactured components cleaning.

B. The provisions of this article apply only to affected facilities located in the Northern Virginia VOC Emissions Control Area designated in subdivision 1 a of 9VAC5-20-206.

C. Exempted from the provisions of this article are solvent cleaning operations (i) for cleaning of electrical and electronic components; (ii) for cleaning of high precision optics and cleaning of cotton swabs to remove cottonseed oil before cleaning of high precision optics; (iii) for cleaning of numismatic dies; (iv) for cleaning of resin, coating, ink, and adhesive mixing, molding, and application equipment; (v) in research and development laboratories; (vi) in manufacturing medical devices or pharmaceutical products; (vii) related to performance or quality assurance testing of coatings, inks, or adhesives.

D. The provisions of this article do not apply to the following:

1. Surface preparation and solvent cleaning operations associated with the surface coating, application of adhesive, sealants and their primers or printing operations subject to Article 26 (Large Appliance Coatings, 9VAC5-40-3560 et seq.), Article 28 (Automobile and Light Duty Truck Coating Applications, 9VAC5-40-3860 et seq.), Article 33 (Metal Furniture Coating Application Systems, 9VAC5-40-4610 et seq.), Article 34 (Miscellaneous Metal Parts/Products Coating Application, 9VAC5-40-4760), Article 35 (Flatwood Paneling Coating Application Systems, 9VAC5-40-4910 et seq.), Article 53 (Lithographic Printing Processes, 9VAC5-40-7800 et seq.), Article 56 (Letterpress Printing Operations, 9VAC5-40-8380 et seq.), Article 56.1 (Lithographic Printing Operations, 9VAC5-40-8420 et seq.), Article 58 (Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesive Application Processes, 9VAC5-40-8660 et seq.), and Article 59 (Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products Coating Application Systems, 9VAC5-40-8810 et seq.) of 9VAC5-40 (Existing Stationary Sources).

2. The use of janitorial supplies used for cleaning offices, bathrooms, or other similar areas.

3. Stripping of cured inks, coatings, and adhesives.

4. Surface preparation and solvent cleaning operations associated with the surface coating, application of adhesive, sealants and their primers, or printing operations of the following product categories or processes: aerospace coatings, wood furniture coatings, shipbuilding and repair coatings, flexible packaging printing materials, paper film and foil coating, plastic parts coating, and fiberglass boat manufacturing materials.

5. Solvent metal cleaning operations subject to Article 47 (Emission Standards for Solvent Metal Cleaning Operations in the Northern Virginia Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Control Area, 9VAC5-40-6820 et seq.) of 9VAC5-40 (Existing Stationary Sources).

[ 6. The use of cleaning solvent in a digital printing operation in which an electronic output device transfers variable data, in the form of an image, from a computer to a substrate. ]

9VAC5-40-8520. Definitions.

A. For the purpose of applying this article in the context of the regulations for the control and abatement of air pollution and related uses, the words or terms shall have the meanings given them in subsection C of this section.

B. Unless otherwise required by context, all terms not defined in this section shall have the meanings given them in 9VAC5-170 (Regulation for General Administration), 9VAC5-10 (General Definitions), or commonly ascribed to them by recognized authorities, in that order of priority.

C. Terms defined.

"Aerospace coatings" means materials that are applied to the surface of an aerospace vehicle or component to form a decorative, protective, or functional solid film, or the solid film itself at a facility that produces, reworks, or repairs in any amount any commercial, civil, or military aerospace vehicle or component.

"Electrical and electronic components" means components and assemblies of components that generate, convert, transmit, or modify electrical energy. Electrical and electronic components include, but are not limited to, wires, windings, stators, rotors, magnets, contacts, relays, printed circuit boards, printed wire assemblies, wiring boards, integrated circuits, resistors, capacitors, and transistors but does not include the cabinets in which electrical and electronic components are housed.

"Fiberglass boat manufacturing materials" means materials utilized at facilities that manufacture hulls or decks of boats from fiberglass or build molds to make fiberglass boat hulls or decks. Fiberglass boat manufacturing materials are not materials used at facilities that manufacture solely parts of boats (such as hatches, seats, or lockers) or boat trailers, but do not (i) manufacture hulls or decks of boats from fiberglass or (ii) build molds to make fiberglass boat hulls or decks.

"Flexible packaging printing materials" means materials used in the manufacture of any package or part of a package the shape of which can be readily changed. Flexible packaging includes, but is not limited to, bags, pouches, liners, and wraps utilizing paper, plastic, film, aluminum foil, metalized or coated paper or film, or any combination of these materials.

"High precision optics" means an optical element used in an electro-optical device and is designed to sense, detect, or transmit light energy, including specific wavelengths of light energy and changes in light energy levels.

"Industrial cleaning solvents" means products used to remove contaminants such as adhesives, inks, paint, dirt, soil, oil, and grease from parts, products, tools, machinery, equipment, vessels, floors, walls, and other work production related work areas for reasons such as safety, operability, and to avoid product contamination. The cleaning solvents used in these operations may be generally available bulk solvents that are used for a multitude of applications in addition to cleaning, such as for paint thinner, or as an ingredient used in the manufacture of a coating, such as paint.

"Medical device" means an instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, contrivance, implant, in vitro reagent, or other similar article, including any component or accessory that is (i) intended for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of diseases; or (ii) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body.

"Paper, film, and foil coating" means coating that is applied to paper, film, or foil surfaces in the manufacturing of several major product types for the following industry sectors: pressure sensitive tape and labels (including fabric coated for use in pressure sensitive tapes and labels); photographic film; industrial and decorative laminates; abrasive products (including fabric coated for use in abrasive products); and flexible packaging (including coating of nonwoven polymer substrates for use in flexible packaging). Paper and film coating also includes coatings applied during miscellaneous coating operations for several products including: corrugated and solid fiber boxes; die-cut paper paperboard, and cardboard; converted paper and paperboard not elsewhere classified; folding paperboard boxes, including sanitary boxes; manifold business forms and related products; plastic aseptic packaging; and carbon paper and inked ribbons.

"Pharmaceutical product" means a preparation or compound, which includes any drug, analgesic, decongestant, antihistamine, cough suppressant, vitamin, mineral or herb supplement intended for human or animal consumption and used to cure, mitigate or treat disease or improve or enhance health.

"Plastic parts coating" means a coating that is applied to the surfaces of a varied range of plastic parts and products. Such parts or products are constructed either entirely or partially from metal or plastic. These parts include, but are not limited to, metal and plastic components of the following types of products as well as the products themselves: fabricated metal products, molded plastic parts, small and large farm machinery, commercial and industrial machinery and equipment, automotive or transportation equipment, interior or exterior automotive parts, construction equipment, motor vehicle accessories, bicycles and sporting goods, toys, recreational vehicles, pleasure craft (recreational boats), extruded aluminum structural components, railroad cars, heavier vehicles, lawn and garden equipment, business machines, laboratory and medical equipment, electronic equipment, steel drums, metal pipes, and numerous other industrial and household products.

"Shipbuilding and repair coating" means material that can be applied as a thin layer to a substrate and which cures to form a continuous solid film, and is used in the building, repair, repainting, converting, or alteration of ships.

"Solvent cleaning operation" means the employment of industrial cleaning solvents to remove loosely held uncured adhesives, uncured inks, uncured coatings, and contaminants [ , ] which include, but are not limited to, dirt, soil, and grease [ , ] from parts, products, tools, machinery, equipment, and general work areas and includes but is not limited to activities such as wipe cleaning, solvent flushing, or spraying [ and each. Each ] distinct method of cleaning in a cleaning process, which consists of a series of cleaning methods, [ shall ] constitute a separate solvent cleaning operation.

"Solvent flushing" means the use of a solvent to remove uncured adhesives, uncured inks, uncured coatings, or contaminants from the internal surfaces and passages of the equipment by flushing solvent through the equipment.

"Surface preparation" means the cleaning of surfaces prior to coating, further treatment, sale, or intended use.

"VOC" means volatile organic compound.

"Wipe cleaning" means the method of cleaning a surface by physically rubbing it with a material such as a rag, paper, sponge, or a cotton swab moistened with a solvent.

"Wood furniture coatings" means protective, decorative, or functional films applied in thin layers to a surface used in the manufacture of wood furniture or wood furniture components. Such coatings include, but are not limited to, paints, topcoats, varnishes, sealers, stains, washcoats, basecoats, enamels, inks, and temporary protective coatings.

9VAC5-40-8530. Standard for volatile organic compounds.

A. No owner or other person shall cause or permit to be discharged into the atmosphere any VOC emissions from any solvent cleaning operation employing industrial cleaning solvents in excess of both of the following limits:

1. A VOC content limit of 50 grams per liter (0.42 pounds per gallon) of industrial cleaning solvent shall apply unless emissions are controlled by an emission control system with an overall control efficiency of at least 85%; and

2. A composite vapor pressure limit of [ 8 eight ] millimeters of mercury at 20°C.

B. VOC emissions from the use, handling, storage, and disposal of industrial cleaning solvents and shop towels shall be controlled by the following work practices:

1. Open containers and used applicators shall be covered.

2. Air circulation around cleaning operations shall be minimized.

3. Used solvent and shop towels shall be disposed of properly.

4. Equipment practices that minimize emissions (including but not limited to keeping arts cleaners covered and maintaining cleaning equipment to repair solvent leaks) shall be implemented.

[ C. In lieu of complying with the requirements of subsections A and B of this section, a manufacturer of coatings, inks, resin, or adhesives may comply with the following requirements:

1. Clean portable or stationary mixing vats, high dispersion mills, grinding mills, tote tanks, and roller mills by one or more of the following methods:

a. Use a cleaning solvent that either contains less than 1.67 pounds per gallon of VOC or has a composite vapor pressure no more than eight mmHg at 20°C;

b. Comply with the following work practices:

(1) Equipment being cleaned shall be maintained leak free;

(2) VOC-containing cleaning materials shall be drained from the cleaned equipment upon completion of cleaning;

(3) VOC-containing cleaning materials, including waste solvent, shall not be stored or disposed of in such a manner that will cause or allow evaporation into the atmosphere; and

(4) All VOC-containing cleaning materials shall be stored in closed containers.

c. Collect and vent the emissions from equipment cleaning to a VOC emission control system that has an overall capture and control efficiency of at least 80%, by weight, for the VOC emissions. Where such reduction is achieved by incineration, at least 90% of the organic carbon shall be oxidized to carbon dioxide.

d. Use organic solvents other than those allowed in subdivision 1 a of this subsection provided no more than 60 gallons of fresh solvent shall be used per month. Organic solvent that is reused or recycled (either on site or off site) for further use in equipment cleaning or the manufacture of coating, ink, or adhesive shall not be included in this limit. All VOC-containing cleaning materials shall be stored in closed containers.

2. When using solvent for wipe cleaning, the owner shall not (i) use open containers for the storage or disposal of cloth or paper impregnated with organic compounds that is used for cleanup, or coating, ink, or adhesive removal and (ii) store spent or fresh organic compounds to be used for cleanup or coating, ink, resin, or adhesive removal in open containers.

3. Any manufacturer of coatings, inks, resin, or adhesives that complies with subdivision 1 d of this subsection shall record the following information each month for each cleaning material and shall maintain the information at the facility for a period of five years: (i) the total volume of fresh cleaning solvent material used for equipment cleaning and (ii) the total volume of cleaning solvent material recovered for either on-site or off-site recycling.

D. The control requirements for screen printing shall be either use of solvent technology at 4.2 pounds of VOC per gallon, or the use of a product with a vapor pressure of eight mm Hg. ]

9VAC5-40-8540. Standard for visible emissions.

The provisions of Article 1 (9VAC5-40-60 et seq.) of Part II of 9VAC5-40 (Existing Stationary Sources) apply.

9VAC5-40-8550. Standard for fugitive dust/emissions.

The provisions of Article 1 (9VAC5-40-60 et seq.) of Part II of 9VAC5-40 (Existing Stationary Sources) apply.

9VAC5-40-8560. Standard for odor.

The provisions of Article 2 (9VAC5-40-130 et seq.) of Part II of 9VAC-40 (Existing Stationary Sources) apply.

9VAC5-40-8570. Standard for toxic pollutants.

The provisions of Article 4 (9VAC5-60-200 et seq.) of Part II of 9VAC5-60 (Hazardous Air Pollutant Sources) apply.

9VAC5-40-8580. Compliance.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-20 (Compliance) apply.

9VAC5-40-8590. Compliance schedule.

The owner shall comply with the provisions of this article as expeditiously as possible but in no case later than [ (insert date one year after the effective date of this article) February 1, 2017 ].

9VAC5-40-8600. Test methods and procedures.

A. The provisions of 9VAC5-40-30 (Emission testing) apply.

B. The composite vapor pressure of organic compounds in cleaning materials shall be determined by quantifying the amount of each compound in the blend using ASTM "Standard Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography" for organics and ASTM "Standard Test Method for Water Content of Coatings by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph" for water content (see 9VAC5-20-21), as applicable, and the following equation:

where:

Ppc = VOC composite partial pressure at 20ºC, in mm Hg.

Wi = Weight of the "i"th VOC compound, in grams, as determined by

ASTM "Standard Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography" (see 9VAC5-20-

21).

Ww = Weight of water, in grams as determined by ASTM "Standard Test

Method for Water Content of Coatings by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph"

(see 9VAC5-20-21).

We = Weight of the "i"th exempt compound, in grams, as determined by

ASTM "Standard Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography" (see 9VAC5-20-21).

Mwi = Molecular weight of the "i"th VOC compound, in grams per g-mole,

as given in chemical reference literature.

Mww = Molecular weight of water, 18 grams per g-mole.

Mwe = Molecular weight of the "i"th exempt compound, in grams per g-mole,

as given in chemical reference literature.

VPi = Vapor pressure of the "i"th VOC compound at 20ºC, in mm Hg, as determined by subsection C of this section.

C. The vapor pressure of each single component compound may be determined from ASTM "Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope" (see 9VAC5-20-21), from chemical reference literature, or from additional sources acceptable to the board.

9VAC5-40-8610. Monitoring.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-40 (Monitoring) apply.

9VAC5-40-8620. Notification, records, and reporting.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-50 (Notification, records and reporting) apply.

9VAC5-40-8630. Registration.

The provisions of 9VAC5-20-160 (Registration) apply.

9VAC5-40-8640. Facility and control equipment maintenance or malfunction.

The provisions of 9VAC5-20-180 (Facility and control equipment maintenance or malfunction) apply.

9VAC5-40-8650. Permits.

A permit may be required prior to beginning any of the activities specified below if the provisions of 9VAC5-50 (New and Modified Stationary Sources) and 9VAC5-80 (Permits for Stationary Sources) apply. Owners contemplating such action should review those provisions and contact the appropriate regional office for guidance on whether those provisions apply.

1. Construction of a facility.

2. Reconstruction (replacement of more than half) of a facility.

3. Modification (any physical change to equipment) of a facility.

4. Relocation of a facility.

5. Reactivation (re-startup) of a facility.

6. Operation of a facility.

Article 58
Emission Standards for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesive Application Processes in the Northern Virginia Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Control Area, 8-hour Ozone Standard (Rule 4-58)

9VAC5-40-8660. Applicability and designation of affected facility.

A. Except as provided in subsection C of this section, the affected facility to which the provisions of this article apply is each miscellaneous industrial adhesive application process at a facility where the total actual volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from all miscellaneous industrial adhesive application processes, including related cleaning activities and related application of adhesive primers, are, before consideration of controls, either (i) equal to or exceed 6.8 kilograms per day (15 pounds per day) or (ii) [ 3 three ] tons per 12-month rolling period.

B. The provisions of this article apply only to sources of VOCs located in the Northern Virginia VOC Emissions Control Area designated in 9VAC5-20-206 1 a.

C. The provisions of this article do not apply to the following.

1. Miscellaneous industrial adhesive application process operations subject to Article 6 (Rubber Tire Manufacturing Operations, 9VAC5-40-5810 et seq.), Article 26 (Large Appliance Coatings, 9VAC5-40-3560 et seq.), Article 28 (Automobile and Light Duty Truck Coating Applications, 9VAC5-40-3860 et seq.), Article 30 (Metal Coil Coating Application Systems, 9VAC5-40-4160 et seq.), Article 31 (Paper and Fabric Coating Application Systems, 9VAC5-40-4310 et seq.) Article 33 (Metal Furniture Coating Application Systems, 9VAC5-40-4610 et seq.), Article 35 (Flatwood Paneling Coating Application Systems, 9VAC5-40-4910 et seq.), Article 53 (Lithographic Printing Processes, 9VAC5-40-7800 et seq.), Article 56 (Letterpress Printing Operations, 9VAC5-40-8380 et seq.), Article 56.1 (Lithographic Printing Operations, 9VAC5-40-8420 et seq.), and Article 57 (Industrial Solvent Cleaning Operations, 9VAC5-40-8510 et seq.) of 9VAC5-40 (Existing Stationary Sources).

2. Miscellaneous industrial adhesive application process operations associated with the following product categories or processes: aerospace coatings, flexible packaging printing materials, paper film and foil coating, and fiberglass boat manufacturing materials.

D. The provisions of Article 6 (Emission Standards for Adhesives and Sealants, 9VAC5-45-620 et seq.) of 9VAC5-45 (Consumer and Commercial Products) may apply. In the case of a conflict between these articles, the more restrictive provisions shall apply.

9VAC5-40-8670. Definitions.

A. For the purpose of applying this article in the context of the regulations for the control and abatement of air pollution and related uses, the words or terms shall have the meanings given them in subsection C of this section.

B. Unless otherwise required by context, all terms not defined in this section shall have the meanings given them in 9VAC5-170 (Regulation for General Administration), 9VAC5-10 (General Definitions), or commonly ascribed to them by recognized authorities, in that order of priority.

C. Terms defined.

"ABS welding" means any process to weld acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene pipe.

"Adhesive" means any chemical substance that is applied for the purpose of bonding two surfaces together other than by mechanical means.

"Adhesive primer" means any product intended by the manufacturer for application to a substrate, prior to the application of an adhesive, to provide a bonding surface.

"Aerosol adhesive or adhesive primer" means an adhesive or adhesive primer packaged as an aerosol product in which the spray mechanism is permanently housed in a nonrefillable can designed for handheld application without the need for ancillary hoses or spray equipment.

"Aerospace coatings" means materials that are applied to the surface of an aerospace vehicle or component to form a decorative, protective, or functional solid film, or the solid film itself at a facility that produces, reworks, or repairs in any amount any commercial, civil, or military aerospace vehicle or component.

"Application process" means a series of one or more adhesive applicators and any associated drying area or oven in which an adhesive is applied, dried, or cured. An application process ends at the point where the adhesive is dried or cured, or prior to any subsequent application of a different adhesive. It is not necessary for an application process to have an oven or flash-off area.

"Ceramic tile installation adhesive" means any adhesive intended by the manufacturer for use in the installation of ceramic tiles.

"Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride plastic" or "CPVC plastic welding" means a polymer of the vinyl chloride monomer that contains 67% chlorine and is normally identified with a CPVC marking.

"Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride welding" or "CPVC welding" means an adhesive labeled for welding of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride plastic.

"Cleaning activities" means activities other than surface preparation and priming that use cleaning materials to remove adhesive residue or other unwanted materials from equipment related to application operations, as well as the cleaning of spray guns, transfer lines (such as tubing or piping), tanks, and the interior of spray booths.

"Contact adhesive" means an adhesive that (i) is designed for application to both surfaces to be bonded together, (ii) is allowed to dry before the two surfaces are placed in contact with each other, (iii) forms an immediate bond that is impossible, or difficult, to reposition after both adhesive-coated surfaces are placed in contact with each other, and (iv) does not need sustained pressure or clamping of surfaces after the adhesive-coated surfaces have been brought together using sufficient momentary pressure to establish full contact between both surfaces. Contact adhesive does not include rubber cements that are primarily intended for use on paper substrates or vulcanizing fluids that are designed and labeled for tire repair only.

"Cove base" means a flooring trim unit, generally made of vinyl or rubber, having a concave radius on one edge and a convex radius on the opposite edge that is used in forming a junction between the bottom wall course and the floor or to form an inside corner.

"Cove base installation adhesive" means any adhesive intended by the manufacturer to be used for the installation of cove base or wall base on a wall or vertical surface at floor level.

"Cyanoacrylate adhesive" means any adhesive with a cyanoacrylate content of at least 95% by weight.

"Fiberglass boat manufacturing facility" means a facility that manufactures hulls or decks of boats from fiberglass or builds molds to make fiberglass boat hulls or decks and does not include a facility that solely manufactures parts of boats (such as hatches, seats, or lockers) or boat trailers, that is, which does not also manufacture hulls or decks of boats from fiberglass or builds molds to make fiberglass boat hulls or decks.

"Fiberglass boat manufacturing materials" means materials utilized at fiberglass boat manufacturing facilities to manufacture hulls or decks of boats from fiberglass, and parts of boats (such as hatches, seats, or lockers), or to build molds to make fiberglass boat hulls or decks.

"Flexible packaging printing materials" means materials used in the manufacture of any package or part of a package the shape of which can be readily changed. Flexible packaging includes, but is not limited to, bags, pouches, liners, and wraps utilizing paper, plastic, film, aluminum foil, metalized or coated paper or film, or any combination of these materials.

"Flexible vinyl" means nonrigid polyvinyl chloride plastic with a 5.0% by weight plasticizer content.

"Indoor floor covering installation adhesive" means any adhesive intended by the manufacturer for use in the installation of wood flooring, carpet, resilient tile, vinyl tile, vinyl backed carpet, resilient sheet and roll, or artificial grass. Adhesives used to install ceramic tile and perimeter bonded sheet flooring with vinyl backing onto a nonporous substrate, such as flexible vinyl, are excluded from this category.

"Industrial adhesives" means adhesives used for joining surfaces in assembly and construction of a large variety of products. Adhesives may be generally classified as solution/waterborne, solvent-borne, solventless or solid (such as hot melt adhesives), pressure sensitive, hot-melt, or reactive (such as epoxy adhesives and ultraviolet-curable adhesives). Adhesives may also be generally classified according to whether they are structural or nonstructural. Structural adhesives are commonly used in industrial assembly processes and are designed to maintain product structural integrity.

"Medical equipment manufacturing" means the manufacture of medical devices, such as, but not limited to, catheters, heart valves, blood cardioplegia machines, tracheostomy tubes, blood oxygenators, and cardiatory reservoirs.

"Metal to urethane/rubber molding or casting adhesive" means any adhesive intended by the manufacturer to bond metal to high density or elastomeric urethane or molded rubber materials, in heater molding or casting processes, to fabricate products such as rollers for computer printers or other paper handling equipment.

"Motor vehicle adhesive" means an adhesive, including glass bonding adhesive, used at a facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, applied for the purpose of bonding two vehicle surfaces together without regard to the substrates involved.

"Motor vehicle glass bonding primer" means a primer, used at a facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, applied to windshield or other glass, or to body openings, to prepare the glass or body opening for the application of glass bonding adhesives or the installation of adhesive bonded glass. Motor vehicle glass bonding primer includes glass bonding/cleaning primers that perform both functions (cleaning and priming of the windshield or other glass, or body openings) prior to the application of adhesive or the installation of adhesive bonded glass.

"Motor vehicle weatherstrip adhesive" means an adhesive, used at a facility that is not an automobile or light-duty truck assembly coating facility, applied to weatherstripping materials for the purpose of bonding the weatherstrip material to the surface of the vehicle.

"Multipurpose construction adhesive" means any adhesive intended by the manufacturer for use in the installation or repair of various construction materials, including but not limited to drywall, subfloor, panel, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), ceiling tile, and acoustical tile.

"Outdoor floor covering installation adhesive" means any adhesive intended by the manufacturer for use in the installation of floor covering that is not in an enclosure and that is exposed to ambient weather conditions during normal use.

"Paper, film, and foil coating" means coating that is applied to paper, film, or foil surfaces in the manufacturing of several major product types for the following industry sectors: pressure sensitive tape and labels (including fabric coated for use in pressure sensitive tapes and labels); photographic film; industrial and decorative laminates; abrasive products (including fabric coated for use in abrasive products); and flexible packaging (including coating of nonwoven polymer substrates for use in flexible packaging). Paper and film coating also includes coatings applied during miscellaneous coating operations for several products including: corrugated and solid fiber boxes; die-cut paper paperboard, and cardboard; converted paper and paperboard not elsewhere classified; folding paperboard boxes, including sanitary boxes; manifold business forms and related products; plastic aseptic packaging; and carbon paper and inked ribbons.

"Perimeter bonded sheet flooring installation" means the installation of sheet flooring with vinyl backing onto a nonporous substrate using an adhesive designed to be applied only to a strip of up to four inches wide around the perimeter of the sheet flooring.

"Plastic" means a synthetic material chemically formed by the polymerization of organic (carbon-based) substances. Plastics are usually compounded with modifiers, extenders, and/or reinforcers and are capable of being molded, extruded, cast into various shapes and films or drawn into filaments.

"Plastic solvent welding adhesive" means any adhesive intended by the manufacturer for use to dissolve the surface of plastic to form a bond between mating surfaces.

"Plastic solvent welding adhesive primer" means any primer intended by the manufacturer for use to prepare plastic substrates prior to bonding or welding.

"Polyvinyl chloride plastic" or "PVC" means a polymer of the chlorinated vinyl monomer that contains 57% chlorine.

"Polyvinyl chloride welding adhesive" or "PVC welding adhesive" means any adhesive intended by the manufacturer for use in the welding of PVC plastic pipe.

"Porous material" means a substance that has tiny openings, often microscopic, in which fluids may be absorbed or discharged, including, but not limited to, paper and corrugated paperboard. For the purposes of this article, porous materialdoes not include wood.

"Reactive adhesive" means adhesive systems composed, in part, of volatile monomers that react during the adhesive curing reaction, and, as a result, do not evolve from the film during use. These volatile components instead become integral parts of the adhesive through chemical reaction. At least 70% of the liquid components of the system, excluding water, react during the process.

"Reinforced plastic composite" means a composite material consisting of plastic reinforced with fibers.

"Rubber" means any natural or manufactured rubber substrate, including but not limited to, styrene-butadiene rubber, polychloroprene (neoprene), butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, and ethylene propylene diene terpolymer.

"Sheet rubber lining installation" means the process of applying sheet rubber liners by hand to metal or plastic substrates to protect the underlying substrate from corrosion or abrasion. These operations also include laminating sheet rubber to fabric by hand.

"Single-ply roof membrane" means a prefabricated single sheet of rubber, normally ethylene-propylenediene terpolymer, that is field-applied to a building roof using one layer of membrane material. For the purposes of this article, single-ply roof membrane does not include membranes prefabricated from ethylene-propylenediene monomer (EPDM).

"Single-ply roof membrane adhesive primer" means any primer labeled for use to clean and promote adhesion of the single-ply roof membrane seams or splices prior to bonding.

"Single-ply roof membrane installation and repair adhesive" means any adhesive labeled for use in the installation or repair of single-ply roof membrane. Installation includes, as a minimum, attaching the edge of the membrane to the edge of the roof and applying flashings to vents, pipes, and ducts that protrude through the membrane. Repair includes gluing the edges of torn membrane together, attaching a patch over a hole and reapplying flashings to vents, pipes, or ducts installed through the membrane.

"Structural glazing" means a process that includes the application of adhesive to bond glass, ceramic, metal, stone, or composite panels to exterior building frames.

"Thin metal laminating adhesive" means any adhesive intended by the manufacturer for use in bonding multiple layers of metal to metal or metal to plastic in the production of electronic or magnetic components in which the thickness of the bond line or lines is less than 0.25 mils.

"Tire repair" means a process that includes expanding a hole, tear, fissure, or blemish in a tire casing by grinding, gouging, or applying adhesive and filling the hole or crevice with rubber.

"Undersea-based weapons systems components" means the fabrication of parts, assembly of parts or completed units of any portion of a missile launching system used on undersea ships.

"VOC" means volatile organic compound.

"Waterproof resorcinol glue" means a two-part resorcinol-resin-based adhesive designed for applications where the bond line must be resistant to conditions of continuous immersion in fresh or salt water.

9VAC5-40-8680. Standard for volatile organic compounds.

A. No owner or other person shall perform miscellaneous industrial adhesive application processes in excess of the following limits.

1. Facilities opting to meet specific emissions limits in lieu of the control efficiency in subdivision 2 of this subsection shall meet the applicable emissions limits in Table 4-58A.

TABLE 4-58A. VOC EMISSION LIMITS FOR GENERAL AND SPECIALTY ADHESIVE APPLICATION PROCESSES
General Adhesive Application Processes	VOC Emission Limit
	grams per liter (g/l)	pounds per gallon (lb/gal)
Reinforced plastic composite	200	1.7
Flexible vinyl	250	2.1
Metal	30	0.3
Porous material (except wood)	120	1.0
Rubber	250	2.1
Wood	30	0.3
Other substrates	250	2.1
Specialty Adhesive Application Processes	VOC Emission Limit
	(g/l)		(lb/gal)
Ceramic tile installation adhesive	130		1.1
Contact adhesive	250		2.1
Cove base installation adhesive	150		1.3
Indoor floor covering installation adhesive	150		1.3
Outdoor floor covering installation adhesive	250		2.1
Perimeter bonded sheet floor covering installation	660		5.5
Metal to urethane/rubber molding or casting adhesive	850		7.1
Motor vehicle adhesive	250		2.1
Motor vehicle weatherstrip adhesive	750		6.3
Multipurpose construction	200		1.7
ABS welding adhesive	400		3.3
Plastic solvent welding (except ABS) adhesive	500		4.2
Sheet rubber lining installation	850		7.1
Single-ply roof membrane installation and repair adhesive (except EPDM)	250		2.1
Structural glazing	100		0.8
Thin metal laminating adhesive	780		6.5
Tire repair	100		0.8
Waterproof resorcinol glue	170		1.4
Adhesive Primer Application Processes	VOC Emission Limit
	(g/l)		(lb/gal)
Motor vehicle glass bonding primer	900		7.5
Plastic solvent welding adhesive primer	650		5.4
Single-ply roof membrane adhesive primer	250		2.1
Other adhesive primer	250		2.1
For the purposes of this table, emission limits are mass of VOC per volume of adhesive or adhesive primer excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied.

a. The VOC content limits in Table 4-58A for adhesives applied to particular substrates shall apply as follows:

(1) If an owner or other person uses an adhesive or sealant subject to a specific VOC content limit for such adhesive or sealant in Table 4-58A, such specific limit is applicable rather than an adhesive-to-substrate limit.

(2) If an adhesive is used to bond dissimilar substrates together, the applicable substrate category with the highest VOC content shall be the limit for such use.

b. The emission limits in Table 4-58A shall be met by averaging the VOC content of materials used on a single application process unit for each day (i.e., daily within-application process unit averaging). Cross-application process unit averaging (i.e., averaging across multiple application units) shall not be used to determine these emission limits.

c. VOC content shall be determined as follows:

(1) For adhesives that are not reactive adhesives, VOC content shall be determined using Reference Method 24.

(2) For reactive adhesives, VOC content shall be determined using the procedure for reactive adhesives in Appendix A of subpart PPPP of 40 CFR Part 63.

(3) As an alternative to the methods in subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subdivision A 1 c, the manufacturer's formulation data may be used. If there is a disagreement between manufacturer's formulation data and the results of a subsequent test, the test method results shall be used unless the facility can demonstrate to the board's satisfaction that the manufacturer's formulation data are correct.

2. Facilities opting to meet a control efficiency in lieu of the specific emission limits in subdivision 1 of this subsection shall meet an overall control efficiency of 85%.

3. The following materials shall not be subject to the limits and controls found in subdivisions 1 and 2 of this subsection but shall be subject to the work practices found in subdivision B 3 of this section:

a. Adhesives or adhesive primers being tested or evaluated in any research and development, quality assurance, or analytical laboratory.

b. Adhesives or adhesive primers used in the assembly, repair, or manufacture of aerospace or undersea-based weapon systems.

c. Adhesives or adhesive primers used in medical equipment manufacturing operations.

d. Cyanoacrylate adhesive application processes.

e. Application of aerosol adhesives and adhesive primers applied with a handheld, disposable can that is pressured and that dispenses an adhesive or adhesive primer by means of a propellant. Aerosol adhesives are regulated by VOC Emission Standards for Consumer Products, subpart C of 40 CFR Part 59. Aerosol adhesive primers are regulated as "primers" under VOC Emission Standards for Aerosol Coatings, subpart E of 40 CFR Part 59.

f. Processes using polyester bonding putties to assemble fiberglass parts at fiberglass boat manufacturing facilities and at other reinforced plastic composite manufacturing facilities.

g. Processes using adhesives and adhesive primers that are supplied by the manufacturer in containers with a net volume of 16 ounces or less, or a net weight of one pound or less.

h. Cleaning materials.

B. The owner of a facility subject to this article shall implement the following control options as applicable:

1. A facility using low-VOC adhesives or adhesive primers shall use one of the following application methods:

a. Electrostatic spray;

b. HVLP spray;

c. Flow coat;

d. Roll coat or hand application, including nonspray application methods similar to hand or mechanically powered caulking gun, brush, or direct hand application;

e. Dip coat, including electrodeposition;

f. Airless spray;

g. Air-assisted airless spray; or

h. Other adhesive application method capable of achieving a transfer efficiency equivalent to or better than that achieved by HVLP spraying.

2. A facility with product performance requirements or other needs that dictate the use of higher-VOC materials than those that would meet the emission limits in Table 4-58A shall either (i) use add-on control equipment with an overall control efficiency of 85% or (ii) use a combination of adhesives and add-on control equipment on an application process unit to meet the emission limits in Table 4-58A. Add-on devices may include oxidizers, adsorbers, absorbers, and concentrators.

3. The following work practices for the application of adhesives, adhesive primers, and process-related waste materials, shall be used:

a. All VOC-containing adhesives, adhesive primers, and process-related waste materials shall be stored in closed containers.

b. Mixing and storage containers used for VOC-containing adhesives, adhesive primers, and process-related waste materials shall be kept closed at all times except when these materials are being deposited or removed.

c. Spills of VOC-containing adhesives, adhesive primers, and process-related waste materials shall be minimized.

d. VOC-containing adhesives, adhesive primers, and process-related waste materials shall be conveyed from one location to another in closed containers or pipes.

4. The following work practices for cleaning activities shall be used:

a. All VOC-containing cleaning materials and used shop towels shall be stored in closed containers.

b. Storage containers used for VOC-containing cleaning materials shall be kept closed at all times except when these materials are deposited or removed.

c. Spills of VOC-containing cleaning materials shall be minimized.

d. VOC-containing cleaning materials shall be conveyed from one location to another in closed containers or pipes.

e. VOC emissions from cleaning of application, storage, mixing, and conveying equipment shall be minimized by performing equipment cleaning without atomizing the cleaning solvent and by capturing all spent solvent in closed containers.

5. The application of adhesives and adhesive primers applied with a handheld, disposable can that is pressured and that dispenses an adhesive or adhesive primer by means of a propellant shall not be subject to the application method limits and controls found in subdivisions 1, 2, and 4 of this subsection but shall be subject to the work practices found in subdivisions 3 and 4 of this subsection.

9VAC5-40-8690. Standard for visible emissions.

The provisions of Article 1 (9VAC5-40-60 et seq.) of Part II of 9VAC5-40 (Existing Stationary Sources) apply.

9VAC5-40-8700. Standard for fugitive dust/emissions.

The provisions of Article 1 (9VAC5-40-60 et seq.) of Part II of 9VAC5-40 (Existing Stationary Sources) apply.

9VAC5-40-8710. Standard for odor.

The provisions of Article 2 (9VAC5-40-130 et seq.) of Part II of 9VAC-40 (Existing Stationary Sources) apply.

9VAC5-40-8720. Standard for toxic pollutants.

The provisions of Article 4 (9VAC5-60-200 et seq.) of Part II of 9VAC5-60 (Hazardous Air Pollutant Sources) apply.

9VAC5-40-8730. Compliance.

A. The provisions of 9VAC5-40-20 (Compliance) apply.

B. The emission standards in 9VAC5-40-4330 apply to coating by coating or to the volume weighted average of coatings where the coatings are used on a single coating application system and the coatings are the same type or perform the same function. Such averaging shall not exceed 24 hours.

C. Compliance determinations for control technologies not based on compliant coatings (i.e., coating formulation alone) shall be based on the applicable standard in terms of pounds of VOCs per gallon solids or pounds of VOCs per gallon solids applied according to the applicable procedure in 9VAC5-20-121. Compliance may also be based on transfer efficiency greater than the baseline transfer efficiency of 9VAC5-40-8680 B if demonstrated by methods acceptable to the board according to the applicable procedure in 9VAC5-20-121.

9VAC5-40-8740. Compliance schedule.

The owner shall comply with the provisions of this article as expeditiously as possible but in no case later than [ (insert date one year after the effective date of this article) February 1, 2017].

9VAC5-40-8750. Test methods and procedures.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-30 (Emission testing) apply.

9VAC5-40-8760. Monitoring.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-40 (Monitoring) apply.

9VAC5-40-8770. Notification, records, and reporting.

The provisions of 9VAC5-40-50 (Notification, records and reporting) apply.

9VAC5-40-8780. Registration.

The provisions of 9VAC5-20-160 (Registration) apply.

9VAC5-40-8790. Facility and control equipment maintenance or malfunction.

The provisions of 9VAC5-20-180 (Facility and control equipment maintenance or malfunction) apply.

9VAC5-40-8800. Permits.

A permit may be required prior to beginning any of the activities specified in this section if the provisions of 9VAC5-50 (New and Modified Stationary Sources) and 9VAC5-80 (Permits for Stationary Sources) apply. Owners contemplating such action should review those provisions and contact the appropriate regional office for guidance on whether those provisions apply.

1. Construction of a facility.

2. Reconstruction (replacement of more than half) of a facility.

3. Modification (any physical change to equipment) of a facility.

4. Relocation of a facility.

5. Reactivation (re-startup) of a facility.

6. Operation of a facility.